| 英文摘要 |
In Han Dynasty, burial sites and shrines were built in imitation of human beings' world in which constellations and materialized images were engraved on the ceiling or on the upper area of walls to imitate the vault of sky. Previous scholars focused on the Plough, the Sun and Moon of the seven luminaries (literally, the seven planets of prehistoric astronomy), Twenty-Eight Mansions (literally, Chinese constellation system) and four symbols (literally meaning "four mythological creatures" in Chinese constellation system) when they studied the astronomical chart of Han Dynasty. However, no scholar has mentioned anything about the images of five planetary deities before the Southern Dynasties (420-589) in central China, let alone the symbolic astronomical chart system constituted by five Mansions - Xū (Emptiness),Wēi (Rooftop), Guǐ (Ghost), Jī (Winnowing basket) and Bì (Net) - of the Twenty-Eight Mansions. No scholar has discussed the significance of images of Lucifer's fairy, either. Using several research methods such as archaeological typology, art history iconology and historical linguistics, this study attempted to expound on three topics as follows. Firstly, to find out the implications associated with the image of Mars. The image of a human-monster figure with double heads was found in No. 1 Shrine of Hanwang Township, Jiangsu. Previous scholars interpreted this human-monster figure as a prehistoric legendary character "Roncheng", and with their interpretation, the scholars concluded that other similar images could be interpreted in the same way. However, the author disagreed with previous scholars and interpreted the human-monster figure as "Yinghuo" which refers to a glimmering mysterious star-the Mars-with two heads facing opposite directions to represent the unsteady and fluttering characteristics of Mars's orbit. Similar image which validates the existence of Yinghuo was engraved on the ceiling stone in the burial site of Nanyang built in Eastern Han Dynasty. Moreover, the author found an image in which a child was standing on the back of Yinghuo monster, which corresponded with the nursery rhymes whose origin was related with Yinghuo. The nursery rhymes about the Yinghuo's spirit Fengbo (god of wind) who confused the kids have much to do with the thoughts of Wu Xing (Literally meaning "Five Elements") which was prevalent in Eastern and Western Han Dynasties. Secondly, to decode the image of houses associated with Mansions Xū (Emptiness) and Wēi (Rooftop) of the Twenty-Eight Mansions. Many scholars interpreted the images of Wind Lord blowing house and thorough-chest figures engraved on the gables of Xiaotangshan Shrine in Changqing, Shandong, from the standpoint of immortality while some others believed that Mansion Jī (Winnowing basket) represented the East, Mansion Horn and Bì (Net) represented the West. However, no one could sufficiently explain the elements of the image. After careful examination of astronomical chart and literatures related to astrology and divination prevalent during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the author concluded that the core elements - house without roof, figures inside and outside the house, bow and arrow - represented Mansions Xū (Emptiness), Wēi (Rooftop) and the constellations affiliated to both Mansions. Then, the author concluded that the image of thorough-chest figures represented Constellation Ghost in the South. According to the examination stated above, the figures found on the gables of Xiaotangshan Shrine were Fuxi (the first of the Three Sovereigns at the beginning of the Chinese dynastic period), Nüwa (the mother goddess of Chinese mythology) and Queen Mother of the West (a prominent goddess in Chinese religion and mythology) . A celestial world is made up of the images of Fuxi, Nüwa, Queen Mother of the West, Xū (Emptiness), Whēi (Rooftop), Guǐ (Ghost), Jī (Winnowing basket) and Bì (Net) of the Twenty-Eight Mansions. Thirdly, to discover the significance behind the stellar deity image created in Han Dynasty to represent Lucifer's fairy. In the chamber of a tomb built in Eastern Han Dynasty in Qilingang, Nanyang of Henan, there is an image in which a goddess was riding a turtle and holding fairy grass in her hand. This image is noted for its constellation attributes, but no scholar has studied anything about it so far. The author concluded that this goddess represented Nǚchien, the wife of Lucifer(Venus), believed that the fairly grass held in the goddess' hand is actually "Chinese mesona."With the turtle representing the North, the author also believed that this image is presumably a stellar deity image that represents Lucifer's fairy on Mt. Hwa as recorded in literatures. Moreover, the image of a longevity deity riding turtle and an affluence deity riding elephant was found in a burial site built in Eastern Han Dynasty in Jingbian, Shaanxi. Previous researchers misinterpreted the objects held in the goddess' hand because they overlooked the astrological significance of the longevity deity and affluence deity. After careful examination, the author believed the longevity deity held noble dendrobium in his hand while the affluence deity held a back square in his hand. As stated above, figures and pictorial objects which were made in imitation of deities help us understand the astronomical chart of Han Dynasty, thus allowing us to study the astronomy of the ancient times from a new standpoint. Key words: Astronomical image of the Han Dynasty; Yinghuo(Mars); Wind Lord blowing house; Lucifer's fairy; Astronomical Astrology
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